Black Freedom Struggle in the United States:

Racial Profiling and Traffic Stops in the States: Selected Issues and Legislative Approaches

CRS Report: Reviews State laws to define, prohibit, or prevent racial profiling. Outlines various State legislative approaches to deal with the issue, including defining racial profiling; express prohibition; data collection, analysis, and reporting; training; public education and awareness; changes in law enforcement policies and procedures; technology and equipment; complaint procedures; penalties for noncompliance; and funding., 2003

“Stand Your Ground” Laws: Civil Rights and Public Safety Implications of the Expanded Use of Deadly Force

Congressional Hearing: Hearing before the Subcom on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights to examine civil rights and public safety implications of “stand your ground” (SYG) laws, which allow a person to legally use deadly force in response to a perceived threat, in light of concerns regarding Feb. 26, 2012, incident in Sanford, Fla. in which George Zimmerman fatally shot Trayvon B. Martin, who was unarmed, during an altercation., 2013

112 H. Res. 612 (Introduced in the House)

Bill text: Honoring the life of 17-year-old, Trayvon Martin, urging the State of Florida and others to repeal the Stand Your Ground law, and admonishing involved parties to pursue full investigations into all homicides, regardless of defenses asserted by the offender., 2012

113 H. Res. 55 (Introduced in the House)

Bill text: Honoring the life of Trayvon Martin, urging the repeal of Stand Your Ground laws, and calling on the United States Government to address the crisis of racial profiling., 2013

114 H. Res. 96 (Introduced in the House)

Bill text: Honoring the life of Trayvon Martin, urging the repeal of Stand Your Ground laws, and calling on the United States Government to address the crisis of racial profiling., 2015

115 H. Res. 978 (Introduced in the House)

Honoring the life of Trayvon Martin, urging the repeal of Stand Your Ground laws, and calling on the United States Government to address the crisis of racial profiling., 2018

Ending Racial Profiling in America

Congressional Hearing: Hearing before the Subcom on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights to examine incidence, scope, and use of racial profiling by law enforcement agents and agencies that target minority groups for routine traffic stops and subject them to inappropriate questioning and searches., 2012

S. 989: The Racial Profiling Act of 2001

Congressional Hearing: Hearing before the Subcom on the Constitution, Federalism, and Property Rights to consider S. 989, the End Racial Profiling Act of 2001, to prohibit racial profiling by law enforcement agents or agencies and to authorize Department of Justice grants to State and local governments to assist them in their compliance with racially neutral administration of justice requirements., 2001

Racial Profiling Within Law Enforcement Agencies

Congressional Hearing: Hearing before the Subcom on Constitution, Federalism, and Property Rights to consider S. 821 (text, p. 65-68), the Traffic Stops Statistics Study Act of 1999, to require the Department of Justice to conduct a study, based on police data, of the race and other characteristics of drivers stopped for alleged traffic violations and the rationale for subsequent vehicle searches. Bill responds to concerns that police unfairly target African American men and other minorities for routine traffic stops and search their vehicles for contraband, including drugs., 2000

Racial Profiling and the Use of Suspect Classifications in Law Enforcement Policy

Congressional Hearings: Hearing before the Subcom on Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties to examine concerns about use of racial profiling and suspect classifications by law enforcement agents and agencies that target minority groups for routine traffic stops and subject them to inappropriate questioning and searches. NAACP called as witness., 2010