Black Freedom Struggle in the United States:

Document 118 April 18, 1949 Letter with enclosure To: Charles Fahy Fr: Louis Johnson

Presidential Papers of Harry S. Truman: Truman Administration’s civil rights program, desegregation of the armed forces: concerning the Interpretation of the President’s Order establishing the President’s Committee on Equality of Treatment and Opportunity in the Armed Services commentary interpreting the policy established by Executive Order 9981 as a policy of desegregation and not merely separate but equal treatment of African Americans in light of the ideals of democracy; the president’s concern for civil rights; and official U.S. public policy as expressed in the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, statutes, treaties, Supreme Court decisions, and executive pronouncements, 1949

Document 54 July 17, 1948 Memorandum with attachments To: Clark [M.] Clifford Fr: James [B.] Forrestal

Presidential Papers of Harry S. Truman: Truman Administration’s civil rights program, desegregation of the armed forces: transmittal of letter to the secretary of defense in which Beauharnais expresses his disgust over the policy of nonsegregation in the armed forces and his opinion that it goes against natural law? to force whites to associate so closely with African Americans against their wills, 1948