Black Freedom Struggle in the United States:

Tag Archives: NAACP

Police Brutality

Congressional Hearings: Hearings before the Subcom on Civil and Constitutional Rights to review concerns about the extent of police misconduct and excessive violence, in view of the videotaped Mar. 3, 1991 severe beating of black motorist Rodney King by Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers after King’s forced halt for traffic offenses. Also examines the prevalence of racially motivated police brutality against minority groups., 1991

School Desegregation

Congressional Hearing: Hearings before the Subcom on Civil and Constitutional Rights to examine the status of public school desegregation and the effectiveness of Federal court-ordered busing of students to achieve racial integration., 1981

14th Amendment and School Busing

Congressional Hearing: Hearings before the Subcom on the Constitution to examine the effectiveness of Federal court-ordered busing of students to achieve racial integration in public schools. Full Committee Member Joseph R. Biden, Jr. (D-Del) participates in questioning witnesses on June 3. Includes texts of the following bills to limit assignment or transportation of public school students on the basis or racial imbalance: S. 528, the Neighborhood School Act of 1981 (p. 379-384). S. 1005, the Student Freedom of Choice Act, to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (p. 385-391). S. 1147, the Racially Neutral School Assignment Act (p. 392-397). S. 1760, the Public School Civil Rights Act of 1981 (p. 398-404)., 1981

Court-Ordered School Busing

Congressional Hearing: Hearings before the Subcom on Separation of Powers to consider the following bills to limit court-ordered busing of students to achieve racial integration of public schools: S. 528 (text, p. 671-676), the Neighborhood School Act of 1981, to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to prohibit court-ordered busing in cases likely to result in greater racial imbalance or to have a net harmful effect on education quality, and to limit the time and distance of court-ordered bus travel. S. 1147 (text, p. 684-689), the Racially Neutral School Assignment Act, to amend the Equal Educational Opportunities Act of 1974 to prohibit assignment of students to public schools on the basis of race. S. 1647 and similar S. 1743 (texts, p. 690-700), both the Neighborhood School Transportation Relief Act of 1981, to deny the jurisdiction of inferior Federal courts to order student assignments or transportation to alter the racial or ethnic balance in public schools. Full Committee Member Charles E. Grassley (R-Iowa) presents a statement (p. 105-106)., 1981

Legislative Responses to School Desegregation Litigation

Congressional Hearing: Hearing before the Subcom on the Constitution to examine the need for legislation to restrict the ability of Federal courts to impose court-ordered school busing to achieve racial integration in public schools., 1996

HU010–Equality, Document Numbers 184337-187926

George H. W. Bush Presidential Library file folder: Civil Rights Act of 1990, Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund, National Black Republican Civil Rights Task Force, American G.I. Forum of the United States, homosexuality, and the NAACP, George H. W. Bush Administration civil rights files, 1989-1993

Extension of the Voting Rights Act, Part 1

Congressional Hearings: House of Representatives Hearings before the Subcom on Civil and Constitutional Rights to consider the following bills to amend the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to revise and extend minority protections against discriminatory voting practices: H.R. 3112 (text, p. 70-71), to extend through 1992 Voting Rights Act preclearance provisions requiring designated States and areas with histories of discriminatory voting practices to submit all election law changes to the Justice Dept for approval; extend requirements for bilingual election materials in jurisdictions with substantial language minorities; and to clarify the standard of proof in voting discrimination cases. H.R. 3198 (text, p. 72-75), and related H.R. 3473 (text, p. 163-167), both the Voting Rights Amendments Act of 1981, to limit mandatory election law preclearance to States and areas where voting discrimination is established in Federal court, and to clarify the standard of proof in voting discrimination cases. Also examines extent of voting rights discrimination in southern States. This volume includes texts (p. 76-84) of H.R. 1407 and identical H.R. 2942 and H.R. 1731, the Voting Rights Act Repealer Amendments Act, to eliminate bilingual election provisions and repeal Voting Rights Act coverage for language minorities. Full Committee Member M. Caldwell Butler (R-Va) questions witnesses on May 20. Full Committee Member Billy Lee Evans (D-Ga) questions witnesses on May 27. Supplementary material (p. 279-354) includes court documents and: Goolrick, Chester; “Voting: A Right Still Denied”, Atlanta Constitution series, Dec. 7-11, 1980, (p. 279-301). Thernstrom, Abigail M.; “Odd Evolution of the Voting Rights Act”, Public Interest, Spring 1979, (p. 327-354), 1981

Voting Rights Act, Vol. 1

Congressional Hearings: Senate Hearing before the Subcom on the Constitution to consider the following bills to amend P.L. 89-110, the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 (text, p. 7-27): S. 53 (text, p. 28-30), to repeal VRA bilingual election requirements. S. 1761 (text, p. 31-36), the Voting Rights Amendments of 1981, to extend to all States and political subdivisions VRA Section 5 preclearance provisions currently requiring only designated States and areas with histories of discriminatory voting practices to submit election law changes to Justice Dept for approval. S. 1975 (text, p. 37-40), the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1981, to extend VRA and revise “bailout” procedures permitting eligible jurisdictions to apply for removal of preclearance requirements. S. 1992 and identical H.R. 3112 (texts, p. 41-58), to continue current section 5 preclearance provisions and revise bailout procedures, to extend through 1992 provisions requiring bilingual election materials in jurisdictions with substantial language minorities, and to revise section 2 standard of proof in voting discrimination cases. Replaces the current standard requiring evidence of discriminatory intent with a standard based on evidence of voting practices producing discriminatory election results., 1982-1983