Black Freedom Struggle in the United States:

Congressional Black Caucus

Congressional Record: Congressional Black Caucus on the police killings of African Americans and Black Lives Matter protests, 2015

Voting Rights Act, Vol. 1

Congressional Hearings: Senate Hearing before the Subcom on the Constitution to consider the following bills to amend P.L. 89-110, the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 (text, p. 7-27): S. 53 (text, p. 28-30), to repeal VRA bilingual election requirements. S. 1761 (text, p. 31-36), the Voting Rights Amendments of 1981, to extend to all States and political subdivisions VRA Section 5 preclearance provisions currently requiring only designated States and areas with histories of discriminatory voting practices to submit election law changes to Justice Dept for approval. S. 1975 (text, p. 37-40), the Voting Rights Act Amendments of 1981, to extend VRA and revise “bailout” procedures permitting eligible jurisdictions to apply for removal of preclearance requirements. S. 1992 and identical H.R. 3112 (texts, p. 41-58), to continue current section 5 preclearance provisions and revise bailout procedures, to extend through 1992 provisions requiring bilingual election materials in jurisdictions with substantial language minorities, and to revise section 2 standard of proof in voting discrimination cases. Replaces the current standard requiring evidence of discriminatory intent with a standard based on evidence of voting practices producing discriminatory election results., 1982-1983