Category Archives: Jim Crow Era to the Great Depression: People and Organizations

Military Intelligence Reports: Casefile on Marcus Garvey, 1920

News editorial on Marcus Garvey, 1921

News editorial on the Niagara Conference, 1907

Essay by Booker T. Washington on the National Negro Business League, 1906

News editorial on civil rights movements since slavery and Marcus Garvey, 1921

Book by Ida B. Wells on lynching, 1895

News article: On Julius Rosenwald’s contribution to the YMCA for projects for colored men., 1914

Essay by Kelly Miller, 1897

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington on university education for African Americans, 1910

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1911

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington on some historical achievements in the United States, 1909

Congressional Hearings: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Constitutional Rights on bills to either extend or amend the Voting Rights Act of 1965; NAACP called as a witness, 1969-1970

Book by Kelly Miller, 1918

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois on African Americans in the military, 1919

News profile on Ida B. Wells and the Anti-Lynching Movement, 1894

News profile on Ida B. Wells, 1894

News article on a new education building at Fisk University, funded by the Fisk Jubilee Singers performances, 1876

Open Letter to Thomas Dixon Jr. by Kelly Miller, 1905

Essay by W. E. B. Du Bois on Pan-Africanism, 1923

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington on the conditions of schools in the South for African American children, 1914

Autobiography of William Pickens, 1923

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Cyril v. Briggs and the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1923

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Cyril v. Briggs, Claude McKay, and the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1925

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Cyril v. Briggs, Marcus Garvey, and the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1921

National Archives Folder: Casefile on the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1925

Casefile on the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1923

Casefile on the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1923

Casefile on the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1923

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1921-1923

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1940

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Universal Negro Improvement Association regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Africans, 1925

Casefile on the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1923

Casefile on the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1923

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1922

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1922

Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1923

Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1923

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1923

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1924

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Cyril v. Briggs and the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1923

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1922

National Archives Folder: Casefile on the African Blood Brotherhood regarding government surveillance of African Americans, 1924

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1922

National Archives Folder: Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1923

Casefile on Universal Negro Improvement Association regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Africans, 1921

Casefile on Universal Negro Improvement Association regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Africans, 1921

National Archive Folders: Casefile on The Crisis and W. E. B. Du Bois regarding the federal surveillance of Black Americans, 1918

Casefile on Jack Johnson regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1919-1920

Department of Justice Files: Communist Party of the U.S.A. casefile 202600: New York, 1921

Casefile on Jack Johnson regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1915

National Archive Folders: Casefile on the NAACP regarding the federal surveillance of Black Americans, 1921

Casefile on Jack Johnson regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1920

Casefile on Jack Johnson regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1920

Casefile on Marcus Garvey regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1921

Casefile BS 202600-667: Marcus Garvey, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Bureau Section Files, 1921, 1921

Casefile on Jack Johnson regarding Federal Surveillance of Black Americans, 1918-1919

Book by Booker T. Washington, 1902

Essay on the National Negro Business League, 1909

Senate hearing on civil rights. NAACP called as witness., 1949

Congressional Hearings: Continuation of hearings before the Subcom No. 5 to review civil rights protection and enforcement issues and related proposals, including education and employment discrimination issues, and to examine laws and actions of certain States impacting civil rights. NAACP called as witness., 1958

Senate Hearing on Civil Rights Proposals. NAACP called as witness., 1956

National Archive Folder: Emmer Lancaster, Adviser on Negro Affairs at the U.S. Department of Commerce, correspondence regarding Division of Negro Affairs conferences to discuss black owned and/or operated businesses and the formation of a National Negro Business Council., 1940-1946

National Archive Folder: Emmer Lancaster, Adviser on Negro Affairs at the U.S. Department of Commerce, correspondence regarding Division of Negro Affairs conferences to discuss black owned and/or operated businesses and the formation of a National Negro Business Council., 1940-1952

National Archive Folder: Emmer Lancaster, Adviser on Negro Affairs at the U.S. Department of Commerce, correspondence regarding Division of Negro Affairs conferences to discuss black owned and/or operated businesses and the formation of a National Negro Business Council., 1940-1942

National Archive Folder: Emmer Lancaster, Adviser on Negro Affairs at the U.S. Department of Commerce, correspondence regarding Division of Negro Affairs conferences to discuss black owned and/or operated businesses and the formation of a National Negro Business Council., 1940-1942

Senate hearing on lynching. NAACP called as witness., 1940

Senate hearing on lynching. NAACP called as witness., 1948

News article on the sixth annual meeting of the national Negro Business League, 1905

Book of essays, poems, and autobiographical information by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1920

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington on African American employment and businesses in Durham, North Carolina, 1911

Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1911

Hearings before the Subcommittee on Labor on: S. 2453, the Equal Employment Opportunities Enforcement Act, to allow the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to issue judicially enforceable cease and desist orders upon complaint of discriminatory practices (text, p. 1-27); and S. 2806, the Administration proposal, to give EEOC the right to sue through familiar court procedures (text, p. 28-32). NAACP called as a witness., 1969

Congressional Hearing: Considers S. 2453, to grant added decisionmaking and enforcement authority to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Focuses on viewpoints of various minority groups. NAACP called as witness., 1969

Congressional Hearing: Considers legislation to prohibit discrimination in employment. Focuses on discrimination in employment opportunities in D.C. Apr. 22 hearing was held at Fairleigh-Dickinson University. Includes “Employment in Washington, D.C.,” report by the D.C. Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (June 1963, p. 355-421). NAACP called as witness., 1963

Congressional Hearing: Considers S. 1308 and similar S. 1667, to prohibit discrimination in employment because of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. NAACP called as witness., 1967

Congressional Hearings: Considers H.R. 6228, the Equal Employment Opportunity Enforcement Act, and related H.R. 13517, the Equal Employment Opportunity Act, to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to empower the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to litigate or seek litigation through the Department of Justice on behalf of those claiming discrimination in employment. NAACP called as witness., 1969-1970

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington on social progress for African Americans, 1916

News article: Articles of Incorporation for the NAACP, 1911

News editorial on Marcus Garvey, 1922

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1924

Congressional Hearings: Hearing in Philadelphia, Pa., to examine impediments to voter participation, focusing on problems associated with voter registration and election procedures. NAACP called as witness., 2007

Congressional Hearings: Joint hearings with the House Judiciary Committee Subcom on Civil and Constitutional Rights to consider H.R. 4000 (text, p. 2-17), the Civil Rights Act of 1990, to amend the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to strengthen civil rights laws prohibiting discrimination in employment based on race, religion, sex, or national origin. Includes provisions to: Require employers to bear the burden of proof that business necessity requires employment practices having a disparate impact on minorities and women; Clarify that any prejudicial motivation in employment decisions is illegal; Restrict litigation challenging court orders in job discrimination suits; Extend the statute of limitation in employment discrimination cases from 180 days to two years; Grant victims of intentional discrimination the right to recover compensatory and punitive damages; Clarify the right of employment discrimination victims to recover attorney fees; Restore the prohibition against all race discrimination in the making and enforcement of contracts. NAACP called as witness., 1990

News article: On Jack Johnson fleeing the country, 1913

Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1904

Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1912

News article: On Jack Johnson winning a boxing match, 1905

Biography of the abolitionist John Brown, written by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1909

News article: On the refusal of white boxers to take on Jack Johnson in the ring, 1906

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington as part of a series, 1909

Letter from Booker Taliaferro Washington, February 19, 1898, 1898

Letter from Kelly Miller to Woodrow Wilson, August 04, 1917, 1919

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1924

Article on lynching by James Weldon Johnson, 1924

News Article: On Marcus Garvey, 1920

News article: Memorandum, in both English and French, calling for a Pan-African Congress, by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1919

News profile on Ida B. Wells, 1897

Work by Ida B. Wells on lynching, 1900

News profile and history of the Fisk Jubilee Singers, 1873

Book on education written by Booker T. Washington, 1911

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington as part of a series, 1909

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1918

Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1908

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1910

News article on the Fisk Jubilee Singers, 1880

Book written by Kelly Miller on World War I, 1919

Collected essays by Kelly Miller, 1914

Library of Congress Folders: NAACP anti-lynching fundraising campaign, 1919-1920

Congressional Hearings: African Americans; Civil rights; Due process of law; Federal state relations; Murders & murder attempts; Racial discrimination; Riots. NAACP called as witness., 1920

Monograph on Marcus Garvey, written by Amy Jacques Garvey, 1923

Monograph on Marcus Garvey, written by Amy Jacques Garvey, 1925

News article about the Fisk Jubilee Singers visiting President Arthur, 1882

News article: Booker T. Washington on crime and prohibition in the South, 1908

Senate hearing on lynching. NAACP called as witness., 1934

Book by Booker T. Washington. Chapters were originally part of a series of Sunday Evening Talks given to the students of the Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute. They have been recast from the second to the third person, and many local allusions have been cut out. They are now sent out, in response to repeated requests, to a larger audience than that to which they were first spoken., 1906

Collection of essays that previously appeared in magazines or pamphlets by Kelly Miller., 1908

Congressional Hearings: Hearing before the Subcom on Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties to examine concerns about use of racial profiling and suspect classifications by law enforcement agents and agencies that target minority groups for routine traffic stops and subject them to inappropriate questioning and searches. NAACP called as witness., 2010

News profile on members of the Fisk Jubilee Singers, 1885

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1909

Essay on Franklin D. Roosevelt by Kelly Miller, 1907

Essays by James Weldon Johnson, 1920

News article: Letters exchanged between W. E. B. Du Bois and Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie, 1912

Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1913

Book by Ida B. Wells on lynchings, 1892

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1897

News article: Transcription of a speech by Booker T. Washington, 1895

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois for The Crisis, 1924

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1899

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington on population statistics for African Americans, 1912

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1897

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1918

News editorial on Marcus Garvey, 1923

Book by Kelly Miller. The essays in this collection center about the issues growing out of the World War and the Negro’s relation to them. Several of the titles have appeared in separate pamphlet form and as magazine articles. The reader will note that the articles are presented as of date of writing. There appear some duplications, due to the fact that the productions herein assembled were prepared for various occasions., 1924

Essay by James Weldon Johnson on violence and discrimination toward African Americans, 1922

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington as part of a series, 1909

Book on the history of slavery and freedmen, and the need for education for African Americans by Booker T. Washington, 1900

Book by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1924

News article: Editorial written by Booker T. Washington on race relations in the South, 1906

Autobiography of William Pickens, 1911

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1923

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1915

News profile on the Fisk Jubilee Singers, 1872

News profile on the Fisk Jubilee Singers, 1881

News article on a Fisk Jubilee Singers performance, 1875

News article on recent performances of the Fisk Jubilee Singers, 1872

News article on the Fisk Jubilee Singers, 1872

Letter written by one of the Fisk Jubilee Singers, published by the news periodical Christian Union, 1880

Book by Booker T. Washington, 1912

Essay by Booker T. Washington on the National Negro Business League, 1902

News article featuring a letter written by William Pickens, 1920

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington on literacy among African Americans, 1912

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington on education for African Americans in the South, 1909

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington on African American farmers, 1912

Essay by W. E. B. Du Bois, W. E. B. Dubois

Book by Booker T. Washington, 1907

Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1901

News article on the eleventh annual meeting of the National Negro Business League, 1910

Essay by Kelly Miller, 1919

Lectures delivered by W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, 1907

News article on the tenth annual NAACP conference, 1919

News editorial on Marcus Garvey, 1921

News article on Booker T. Washington and the Niagara Movement, 1906

Essay by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1911

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1924

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington as part of a series, 1909

Essay by Kelly Miller, 1919

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1898

Essays by William Pickens, 1916

News article on the platform adopted by the Niagara Movement, 1905

Article on the Pan-African Congress, 1919, 1919

Book by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1899

News article on the platform adopted by the Niagara Movement, 1906

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1899

Book featuring several essays by Ida B. Wells, 1893

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1918

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1920

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1911

Seminal work by W. E. B. Du Bois on race, introduces the concept of “double consciousness”, 1904

Autobiography by Booker T. Washington, 1901

News article: Essay by Booker T. Washington as part of a series, 1909

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1923

Monograph written by W. E. B. Du Bois on the slave trade in America, 1896

Essay by W. E. B. Du Bois that originally featured in the book The Negro Problem, a collection of articles by African Americans, 1903

News article: On why Booker T. Washington created the Tuskegee Negro Conference and its priorities, 1901

Essay by Kelly Miller, 1909

Congressional Hearings: Hearing to consider S. 1945, the Voting Rights Amendment Act of 2014, to amend the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 to revise criteria for determining which States and political subdivisions are subject to Federal preclearance, based on their histories of voter discrimination, before implementing any changes to their voting laws or practices, and to require States and political subdivisions to provide public notice when making changes in any prerequisite or procedure affecting voting in Federal elections. NAACP called as witness., 2014

Article by W. E. B. Du Bois, 1924

News editorial on the Fisk Jubilee Singers, 1872

News article on the fourth annual meeting of the National Negro Business League, 1903

News article on the fourteenth annual meeting of the National Negro Business League and progress African Americans have made in entrepreneurship, 1913

News article on the Niagara Movement and upcoming election, 1908

Congressional Hearings: Considers H.R. 12962, to establish a Commission on Negro History and Culture to coordinate and recommend a program to create better understanding of Negro historical and cultural contributions to society. NAACP called as witness., 1968

Book edited by Booker T. Washington on the Tuskegee Institute, 1905

News article: On the subjects discussed at the Tuskegee Negro Conference, established by Booker T. Washington, 1902

Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1906

Autobiography by Booker T. Washington, 1904

Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1914

Essay by Booker T. Washington, 1913

Essay by Booker T. Washington on the National Negro Business League, 1905

Book by Booker T. Washington; sequel to Up from Slavery, 1904